In the case of Buchanan v. Warley, the Supreme Court struck down Louisville zoning that limited minorities to certain areas. Which option correctly names the case?

• A. Buchanan v. Warley
• B. Loving v. Virginia
• C. Shelley v. Kraemer
• D. Brown v. Board

Answer: (A)

Racial zoning in housing challenges how the Fourteenth Amendment protects individuals from state-imposed discrimination in property and residence. In Buchanan v. Warley, the Supreme Court struck down Louisville’s ordinance that confined minorities to specific neighborhoods, ruling that using zoning to segregate by race treats people differently based on race and infringes on fundamental rights tied to property and liberty. This decision stands as an early federal check on attempts to segregate housing through municipal law, showing that race-based constraints on where people may live violate constitutional protections. For context, Loving v. Virginia later barred anti-miscegenation laws, Shelley v. Kraemer held racially restrictive covenants unenforceable in courts, and Brown v. Board of Education ended legal segregation in public schools.